Note:
Gunnar Myrdal died in 1987, less than 70 years ago.
Therefore, this work is protected by copyright,
restricting your legal rights to reproduce it.
However, you are welcome to view it on screen, as you do now.
Read more about copyright.
AN
AMERICAN
DILEMMA
The Negro Problem
and Modern Democracy
by
GUNNAR MYRDAL
with the assistance of
RICHARD STERNER
and
ARNOLD ROSE
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
New York London
AN AMERICAN DILEMMA
Copyright, 1944, by Harper & Brothers
Printed in the United States of America
All rights in this book are reserved.
No part of the book may be reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission
except in the case of brief quotations embodied
in critical articles and reviews. For information
address Harper & Brothers
B-W
This study was made possible by funds granted
by Carnegie Corporation of New York. That
corporation is not, however, the author, owner,
publisher, or proprietor of this publication, and
is not to be understood as approving by virtue
of its grant any of the statements made or
views expressed therein.
Preface to the electronic edition
This book has
its own
article in Wikipedia. It is not a translation, it was written in
English by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal and first published in the
United States in 1944. As stated in the author's preface, it is a
joint work of several people; two of the co-authors are named on the
title page, but we prefer to view it as a work of the main author
alone.
Gunnar and his wife Alva Myrdal in a will bequeathed their
copyright to a fund, which is now maintained by the City of
Stockholm. In April 2011, the city's committee on cultural affairs
decided to release the copyright under the Creative Commons
Attribution Share Alike (CC-BY-SA) license.
This book has been digitized several times. Several copies can be
found on the Internet Archive, some of them with some pages missing.
We have used one containing all pages, with only some minor scanning
errors at the bottom of a few pages. The resolution is not as good as
we would wish. Some of the small print is hard to read. This copy was
scanned in July 2015 somewhere in India and uploaded in January 2017.
In April 2020, the scanned images and OCR text were copied to Project
Runeberg, to allow for online proofreading.
This volume was scanned elsewhere and made available by the Internet Archive,
from where the scanned images were copied to Project Runeberg.
We very much appreciate that they have made this possible
and want to encourage other digital library projects to
follow their example. Read more about Project Runeberg's
image sources.
The above contents can be inspected in scanned images:
pretitle, title page, verso of title leaf, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii
Korrstapel / Proof bar for this volume
Table of Contents
Title and contents -
pretitle,
title page,
verso of title leaf,
xxvii,
xxviii,
xxix,
xxx,
xxxi,
xxxii,
xxxiii,
xxxiv,
xxxv,
xxxvi,
xxxvii
Foreword, by Frederick P. Keppel -
v,
vi,
vii,
viii
Author’s Preface -
ix,
x,
xi,
xii,
xiii,
xiv,
xv,
xvi,
xvii,
xviii,
xix,
xx
Acknowledgments -
xxi,
xxii,
xxiii,
xxiv,
xxv
List of Tables -
xxxix,
xl,
xli,
xlii
List of Figures -
xliii
Introduction -
xlv,
xlvi,
xlvii,
xlviii,
xlix,
l,
li,
lii,
liii,
liv,
lv,
lvi,
lvii,
lviii,
lix
1. The Negro Problem as a Moral Issue -
xlv,
xlvi,
xlvii
2. Valuations and Beliefs -
xlvii,
xlviii,
xlix,
l,
li
3. A White Man’s Problem -
li,
lii
4. Not an Isolated Problem -
lii,
liii,
liv,
lv
5. Some Further Notes on the Scope and Direction of this Study -
lv,
lvi,
lvii,
lviii
6. A Warning to the Reader -
lviii,
lix
I. The Approach -
1,
blank,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80
1. American Ideals and the American Conscience -
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
1. Unity of Ideals and Diversity of Culture -
3,
4,
5
2. American Nationalism -
5,
6
3. Some Historical Reflections -
6,
7,
8
4. The Roots of the American Creed in the Philosophy of Enlightenment -
8,
9
5. The Roots in Christianity -
9,
10,
11,
12
6. The Roots in English Law -
12
7. American Conservatism -
12,
13
8. The American Conception of Law and Order -
13,
14
9. Natural Law and American Puritanism -
15,
16,
17
10. The Faltering Judicial Order -
17,
18,
19
11. Intellectual Defeatism -
19,
20,
21
12. “Lip-Service” -
21,
22,
23
13. Value Premises in This Study -
23,
24,
25
2. Encountering the Negro Problem -
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
1. On the Minds of the Whites -
26,
27
2. To the Negroes Themselves -
27,
28,
29,
30
3. Explaining the Problem Away -
30,
31,
32
4. Explorations in Escape -
32,
33,
34,
35,
36
5. The Etiquette of Discussion -
36,
37,
38,
39,
40
6. The Convenience of Ignorance -
40,
41,
42
7. Negro and White Voices -
42,
43,
44
8. The North and the South -
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
3. Facets of the Negro Problem -
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80
1. American Minority Problems -
50,
51,
52,
53
2. The Anti-Amalgamation Doctrine -
53,
54,
55,
56,
57
3. The White Man’s Theory of Color Caste -
57,
58,
59,
60
4. The “Rank Order of Discriminations” -
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67
5. Relationships between Lower Class Groups -
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73
6. The Manifoldness and the Unity of the Negro Problem -
73,
74,
75
7. The Theory of the Vicious Circle -
75,
76,
77,
78
8. A Theory of Democracy -
78,
79,
80
II. Race -
81,
(blank),
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
110,
111,
112,
113,
114,
115,
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
125,
126,
127,
128,
129,
130,
131,
132,
133,
134,
135,
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144,
145,
146,
147,
148,
149,
150,
151,
152,
153
4. Racial Beliefs -
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
110,
111,
112
1. Biology and Moral Equalitarianism -
83,
84
2. The Ideological Clash in America -
84,
85,
86,
87,
88
3. The Ideological Compromise -
88,
89
4. Reflections in Science -
89,
90,
91,
92,
93
5. The Position of the Negro Writers -
93,
94,
95,
96,
97
6. The Racial Beliefs of the Unsophisticated -
97,
98,
99,
100,
101
7. Beliefs with a Purpose -
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106
8. Specific Rationalization Needs -
106,
107,
108
9. Rectifying Beliefs -
108,
109,
110
10. The Study of Beliefs -
110,
111,
112
5. Race and Ancestry -
113,
114,
115,
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
125,
126,
127,
128,
129,
130,
131,
132,
133,
134,
135,
136
1. The American Definition of “Negro” -
113,
114,
115,
116,
117
2. African Ancestry -
117,
118,
119,
120
3. Changes in Physical Appearance -
120,
121,
122,
123
4. Early Miscegenation -
123,
124,
125
5. Ante-Bellum Miscegenation -
125,
126,
127
6. Miscegenation in Recent Times -
127,
128,
129
7. “Passing” -
129,
130
8. Social and Biological Selection -
130,
131,
132
9. Present and Future Genetic Composition Trends -
132,
133,
134,
135,
136
6. Racial Characteristics -
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144,
145,
146,
147,
148,
149,
150,
151,
152,
153
1. Physical Traits -
137,
138,
139,
140
2. Biological Susceptibility to Disease -
140,
141,
142,
143,
144
3. Psychic Traits -
144,
145,
146,
147,
148,
149
4. Frontiers of Constructive Research -
149,
150,
151,
152,
153
III. Population and Migration -
155,
(blank),
157,
158,
159,
160,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172,
173,
174,
175,
176,
177,
178,
179,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184,
185,
186,
187,
188,
189,
190,
191,
192,
193,
194,
195,
196,
197,
198,
199,
200,
201
7. Population -
157,
158,
159,
160,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172,
173,
174,
175,
176,
177,
178,
179,
180,
181
1. The Growth of the Negro Population -
157,
158,
159,
160,
161
2. Births and Deaths -
161,
162,
163,
164,
165
3. Summary -
165,
166
4. Ends and Means of Population Policy -
167,
168,
169,
170,
171
5. Controlling the Death Rate -
171,
172,
173,
174,
175
6. The Case for Controlling the Negro Birth Rate -
175,
176,
177,
178
7. Birth Control Facilities for Negroes -
178,
179,
180,
181
8. Migration -
182,
183,
184,
185,
186,
187,
188,
189,
190,
191,
192,
193,
194,
195,
196,
197,
198,
199,
200,
201
1. Overview -
182,
183,
184,
185
2. A Closer View -
185,
186,
187,
188,
189,
190,
191
3. The Great Migration to the Urban North -
191,
192,
193,
194,
195,
196
4. Continued Northward Migration -
196,
197
5. The Future of Negro Migration -
197,
198,
199,
200,
201
IV. Economics -
203,
(blank),
205,
206,
207,
208,
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215,
216,
217,
218,
219,
220,
221,
222,
223,
224,
225,
226,
227,
228,
229,
230,
231,
232,
233,
234,
235,
236,
237,
238,
239,
240,
241,
242,
243,
244,
245,
246,
247,
248,
249,
250,
251,
252,
253,
254,
255,
256,
257,
258,
259,
260,
261,
262,
263,
264,
265,
266,
267,
268,
269,
270,
271,
272,
273,
274,
275,
276,
277,
278,
279,
280,
281,
282,
283,
284,
285,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
295,
296,
297,
298,
299,
300,
301,
302,
303,
304,
305,
306,
307,
308,
309,
310,
311,
312,
313,
314,
315,
316,
317,
318,
319,
320,
321,
322,
323,
324,
325,
326,
327,
328,
329,
330,
331,
332,
333,
334,
335,
336,
337,
338,
339,
340,
341,
342,
343,
344,
345,
346,
347,
348,
349,
350,
351,
352,
353,
354,
355,
356,
357,
358,
359,
360,
361,
362,
363,
364,
365,
366,
367,
368,
369,
370,
371,
372,
373,
374,
375,
376,
377,
378,
379,
380,
381,
382,
383,
384,
385,
386,
387,
388,
389,
390,
391,
392,
393,
394,
395,
396,
397,
398,
399,
400,
401,
402,
403,
404,
405,
406,
407,
408,
409,
410,
411,
412,
413,
414,
415,
416,
417,
418,
419,
420,
421,
422,
423,
424,
425,
426
9. Economic Inequality -
205,
206,
207,
208,
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215,
216,
217,
218,
219
1. Negro Poverty -
205,
206,
207
2. Our Main Hypothesis: The Vicious Circle -
207,
208,
209
3. The Value Premises -
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215
4. The Conflict of Valuations -
215,
216,
217,
218,
219
10. The Tradition of Slavery -
220,
221,
222,
223,
224,
225,
226,
227,
228,
229
1. Economic Exploitation -
220,
221
2. Slavery and Caste -
221,
222,
223,
224
3. The Land Problem -
224,
225,
226,
227
4. The Tenancy Problem -
227,
228,
229
11. The Southern Plantation Economy and the Negro Farmer -
230,
231,
232,
233,
234,
235,
236,
237,
238,
239,
240,
241,
242,
243,
244,
245,
246,
247,
248,
249,
250
1. Southern Agriculture as a Problem -
230,
231
2. Overpopulation and Soil Erosion -
231,
232
3. Tenancy, Credit and Cotton -
232,
233,
234
4. The Boll Weevil -
234,
235
5. Main Agricultural Classes -
235,
236,
237
6. The Negro Landowner -
237,
238,
239,
240
7. Historical Reasons for the Relative Lack of Negro Farm Owners -
240,
241,
242
8. Tenants and Wage Laborers -
242,
243,
244
9. The Plantation Tenant -
245,
246,
247,
248,
249,
250
12. New Blows to Southern Agriculture During the ’Thirties: Trends and Policies -
251,
252,
253,
254,
255,
256,
257,
258,
259,
260,
261,
262,
263,
264,
265,
266,
267,
268,
269,
270,
271,
272,
273,
274,
275,
276,
277,
278
1. Agricultural Trends during the ’Thirties -
251,
252,
253
2. The Disappearing Sharecropper -
253,
254,
255
3. The Role of the A.A.A. in Regard to Cotton -
255,
256
4. A.A.A. and the Negro -
256,
257,
258
5. The Local Administration of the A.A.A -
258,
259
6. Mechanization -
259,
260,
261
7. Labor Organizations -
261,
262,
263,
264
8. The Dilemma of Agricultural Policy -
264,
265
9. Economic Evaluation of the A.A.A -
265,
266,
267
10. Social Evaluation of the A.A.A -
267,
268,
269,
270
11. Constructive Measures -
270,
271,
272,
273
12. Farm Security Programs -
273,
274,
275,
276,
277,
278
13. Seeking Jobs Outside Agriculture -
279,
280,
281,
282,
283,
284,
285,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
295,
296,
297,
298,
299,
300,
301,
302,
303
1. Perspective on the Urbanization of the Negro People -
279,
280
2. In the South -
280,
281,
282,
283,
284
3. A Closer View -
284,
285,
286,
287,
288
4. Southern Trends during the ’Thirties -
288,
289,
290,
291
5. In the North -
291,
292,
293
6. A Closer View on Northern Trends -
293,
294,
295,
296
7. The Employment Hazards of Unskilled Work -
296,
297
8. The Size of the Negro Labor Force and Negro Employment -
297,
298,
299,
300,
301
9. Negro and White Unemployment -
301,
302,
303
14. The Negro in Business, the Professions, Public Service and Other White Collar Occupations -
304,
305,
306,
307,
308,
309,
310,
311,
312,
313,
314,
315,
316,
317,
318,
319,
320,
321,
322,
323,
324,
325,
326,
327,
328,
329,
330,
331,
332
1. Overview -
304,
305,
306,
307
2. The Negro in Business -
307,
308,
309,
310,
311,
312,
313,
314
3. Negro Finance -
314,
315,
316,
317,
318
4. The Negro Teacher -
318,
319,
320
5. The Negro Minister -
321,
322
6. The Negro in Medical Professions -
322,
323,
324,
325
7. Other Negro Professionals -
325,
326
8. Negro Officials and White Collar Workers in Public Service -
327,
328,
329
9. Negro Professionals of the Stage, Screen and Orchestra -
329,
330
10. Note on Shady Occupations -
330,
331,
332
15. The Negro in the Public Economy -
333,
334,
335,
336,
337,
338,
339,
340,
341,
342,
343,
344,
345,
346,
347,
348,
349,
350,
351,
352,
353,
354,
355,
356,
357,
358,
359,
360,
361,
362,
363
1. The Public Budget -
333,
334
2. Discrimination in Public Service -
334,
335,
336,
337
3. Education -
337,
338,
339,
340,
341,
342,
343,
344
4. Public Health -
344,
345,
346
5. Recreational Facilities -
346,
347,
348
6. Public Housing Policies -
348,
349,
350,
351,
352,
353
7. Social Security and Public Assistance -
353,
354,
355,
356
8. Specialized Social Welfare Programs during the Period After 1935 -
356,
357
9. The Social Security Program -
357,
358
10. Assistance to Special Groups -
358,
359,
360
11. Work Relief -
360,
361
12. Assistance to Youth -
361,
362
13. General Relief and Assistance in Kind -
362,
363
16. Income, Consumption and Housing -
364,
365,
366,
367,
368,
369,
370,
371,
372,
373,
374,
375,
376,
377,
378,
379
1. Family Income -
364,
365,
366
2. Income and Family Size -
366,
367
3. The Family Budget -
367,
368,
369,
370
4. Budget Items -
370,
371
5. Food Consumption -
371,
372,
373,
374,
375
6. Housing Conditions -
375,
376,
377,
378,
379
17. The Mechanics of Economic Discrimination as a Practical Problem -
380,
381,
382,
383,
384,
385,
386,
387,
388,
389,
390,
391,
392,
393,
394,
395,
396
1. The Practical Problem -
380,
381,
382,
383
2. The Ignorance and Lack of Concern of Northern Whites -
383,
384,
385,
386
3. Migration Policy -
386,
387,
388
4. The Regular Industrial Labor Market in the North -
388,
389,
390
5. The Problem of Vocational Training -
390,
391
6. The Self-Perpetuating Color Bar -
391,
392
7. A Position of “Indifferent Equilibrium” -
392,
393,
394
8. In the South -
394,
395,
396
18. Pre-War Labor Market Controls and Their Consequences for the Negro -
397,
398,
399,
400,
401,
402,
403,
404,
405,
406,
407,
408
1. The Wages and Hours Law and the Dilemma of the Marginal Worker -
397,
398,
399
2. Other Economic Policies -
399,
400,
401
3. Labor Unions and the Negro -
401,
402,
403
4. A Weak Movement Getting Strong Powers -
403,
404,
405,
406,
407,
408
19. The War Boom—and Thereafter -
409,
410,
411,
412,
413,
414,
415,
416,
417,
418,
419,
420,
421,
422,
423,
424,
425,
426
1. The Negro Wage Earner and the War Boom -
409,
410,
411
2. A Closer View -
411,
412,
413,
414
3. Government Policy in Regard to the Negro in War Production -
414,
415,
416,
417,
418,
419
4. The Negro in the Armed Forces -
419,
420,
421,
422,
423
5. ... And Afterwards? -
423,
424,
425,
426
V. Politics -
427,
(blank),
429,
430,
431,
432,
433,
434,
435,
436,
437,
438,
439,
440,
441,
442,
443,
444,
445,
446,
447,
448,
449,
450,
451,
452,
453,
454,
455,
456,
457,
458,
459,
460,
461,
462,
463,
464,
465,
466,
467,
468,
469,
470,
471,
472,
473,
474,
475,
476,
477,
478,
479,
480,
481,
482,
483,
484,
485,
486,
487,
488,
489,
490,
491,
492,
493,
494,
495,
496,
497,
498,
499,
500,
501,
502,
503,
504,
505,
506,
507,
508,
509,
510,
511,
512,
513,
514,
515,
516,
517,
518,
519,
520
20. Underlying Factors -
429,
430,
431,
432,
433,
434,
435,
436,
437,
438,
439,
440,
441,
442,
443,
444,
445,
446,
447,
448,
449,
450,
451
1. The Negro in American Politics and as a Political Issue -
429,
430,
431,
432
2. The Wave of Democracy and the Need for Bureaucracy -
432,
433,
434,
435,
436,
437
3. The North and the South -
437,
438,
439,
440,
441
4. The Southern Defense Ideology -
441,
442,
443,
444,
445
5. The Reconstruction Amendments -
445,
446
6. Memories of Reconstruction -
446,
447,
448
7. The Tradition of Illegality -
448,
449,
450,
451
21. Southern Conservatism and Liberalism -
452,
453,
454,
455,
456,
457,
458,
459,
460,
461,
462,
463,
464,
465,
466,
467,
468,
469,
470,
471,
472,
473
1. The “Solid South” -
452,
453,
454,
455
2. Southern Conservatism -
455,
456,
457,
458
3. Is the South Fascist? -
458,
459,
460,
461,
462
4. The Changing South -
462,
463,
464,
465,
466
5. Southern Liberalism -
466,
467,
468,
469,
470,
471,
472,
473
22. Political Practices Today -
474,
475,
476,
477,
478,
479,
480,
481,
482,
483,
484,
485,
486,
487,
488,
489,
490,
491,
492,
493,
494,
495,
496,
497,
498,
499,
500,
501,
502,
503,
504
1. The Southern Political Scene -
474,
475,
476,
477,
478,
479
2. Southern Techniques for Disfranchising the Negroes -
479,
480,
481,
482,
483,
484,
485,
486
3. The Negro Vote in the South -
486,
487,
488,
489,
490
4. The Negro in Northern Politics -
491,
492,
493,
494,
495,
496,
497
5. What the Negro Gets Out of Politics -
497,
498,
499,
500,
501,
502,
503,
504
23. Trends and Possibilities -
505,
506,
507,
508,
509,
510,
511,
512,
513,
514,
515,
516,
517,
518,
519,
520
1. The Negro’s Political Bargaining Power -
505,
506,
507,
508
2. The Negro’s Party Allegiance -
508,
509,
510,
511,
512
3. Negro Suffrage in the South as an Issue -
512,
513,
514
4. An Unstable Situation -
514,
515
5. The Stake of the North -
515,
516,
517,
518
6. Practical Conclusions -
518,
519,
520
VI. Justice -
521,
(blank),
523,
524,
525,
526,
527,
528,
529,
530,
531,
532,
533,
534,
535,
536,
537,
538,
539,
540,
541,
542,
543,
544,
545,
546,
547,
548,
549,
550,
551,
552,
553,
554,
555,
556,
557,
558,
559,
560,
561,
562,
563,
564,
565,
566,
567,
568,
569
24. Inequality of Justice -
523,
524,
525,
526,
527,
528,
529,
530,
531,
532,
533,
534
1. Democracy and Justice -
523,
524,
525,
526
2. Relative Equality in the North -
526,
527,
528,
529
3. The Southern Heritage -
529,
530,
531,
532,
533,
534
25. The Police and Other Public Contacts -
535,
536,
537,
538,
539,
540,
541,
542,
543,
544,
545,
546
1. Local Petty Officials -
535,
536,
537,
538
2. The Southern Policeman -
538,
539,
540
3. The Policeman in the Negro Neighborhood -
540,
541,
542,
543
4. Trends and Outlook -
544,
545
5. Another Type of Public Contact -
545,
546
26. Courts, Sentences and Prisons -
547,
548,
549,
550,
551,
552,
553,
554,
555,
556,
557
1. The Southern Courts -
547,
548,
549,
550
2. Discrimination in Court -
550,
551,
552,
553
3. Sentences and Prisons -
553,
554,
555
4. Trends and Outlook -
555,
556,
557
27. Violence and Intimidation -
558,
559,
560,
561,
562,
563,
564,
565,
566,
567,
568,
569
1. The Pattern of Violence -
558,
559,
560
2. Lynching -
560,
561,
562
3. Tne Psychopathology of Lynching -
563,
564
4. Trends and Outlook -
565,
566
5. Riots -
566,
567,
568,
569
VII. Social Inequality -
571,
(blank),
573,
574,
575,
576,
577,
578,
579,
580,
581,
582,
583,
584,
585,
586,
587,
588,
589,
590,
591,
592,
593,
594,
595,
596,
597,
598,
599,
600,
601,
602,
603,
604,
605,
606,
607,
608,
609,
610,
611,
612,
613,
614,
615,
616,
617,
618,
619,
620,
621,
622,
623,
624,
625,
626,
627,
628,
629,
630,
631,
632,
633,
634,
635,
636,
637,
638,
639,
640,
641,
642,
643,
644,
645,
646,
647,
648,
649,
650,
651,
652,
653,
654,
655,
656,
657,
658,
659,
660,
661,
662,
663
28. The Basis of Social Inequality -
573,
574,
575,
576,
577,
578,
579,
580,
581,
582,
583,
584,
585,
586,
587,
588,
589,
590,
591,
592,
593,
594,
595,
596,
597,
598,
599,
600,
601,
602,
603,
604
1. The Value Premise -
573,
574
2. The One-Sidedness of the System of Segregation -
575,
576,
577
3. The Beginning in Slavery -
577,
578
4. The Jim Crow Laws -
578,
579,
580,
581,
582
5. Beliefs Supporting Social Inequality -
582,
583,
584,
585,
586
6. The Popular Theory of “No Social Equality” -
586,
587,
588,
589
7. Critical Evaluation of the “No Social Equality” Theory -
589,
590,
591,
592
8. Attitudes among Different Classes of Whites in the South -
592,
593,
594,
595,
596,
597,
598,
599
9. Social Segregation and Discrimination in the North -
599,
600,
601,
602,
603,
604
29. Patterns of Social Segregation and Discrimination -
605,
606,
607,
608,
609,
610,
611,
612,
613,
614,
615,
616,
617,
618,
619,
620,
621,
622,
623,
624,
625,
626,
627,
628,
629,
630,
631,
632,
633,
634,
635,
636,
637,
638,
639
1. Facts and Beliefs Regarding Segregation and Discrimination -
605,
606
2. Segregation and Discrimination in Interpersonal Relations -
606,
607,
608,
609,
610,
611,
612,
613,
614,
615,
616,
617,
618
3. Housing Segregation -
618,
619,
620,
621,
622
4. Sanctions for Residential Segregation -
622,
623,
624,
625,
626,
627
5. The General Character of Institutional Segregation -
627,
628,
629,
630,
631,
632
6. Segregation in Specific Types of Institutions -
632,
633,
634,
635,
636,
637,
638,
639
30. Effects of Social Inequality -
640,
641,
642,
643,
644,
645,
646,
647,
648,
649,
650,
651,
652,
653,
654,
655,
656,
657,
658,
659,
660,
661,
662,
663
1. The Incidence of Social Inequality -
640,
641,
642,
643,
644
2. Increasing Isolation -
644,
645,
646,
647,
648,
649,
650
3. Interracial Contacts -
650,
651,
652,
653,
654,
655,
656
4. The Factor of Ignorance -
656,
657,
658,
659
5. Present Dynamics -
660,
661,
662,
663
VIII. Social Stratification -
665,
(blank),
667,
668,
669,
670,
671,
672,
673,
674,
675,
676,
677,
678,
679,
680,
681,
682,
683,
684,
685,
686,
687,
688,
689,
690,
691,
692,
693,
694,
695,
696,
697,
698,
699,
700,
701,
702,
703,
704,
705
31. Caste and Class -
667,
668,
669,
670,
671,
672,
673,
674,
675,
676,
677,
678,
679,
680,
681,
682,
683,
684,
685,
686,
687,
688
1. The Concepts “Caste” and “Class” -
667,
668,
669
2. The “Meaning” of the Concepts “Caste” and “Class” -
670,
671,
672,
673,
674,
675,
676
3. The Caste Struggle -
676,
677,
678,
679,
680,
681,
682,
683
4. Crossing the Caste Line -
683,
684,
685,
686,
687,
688
32. The Negro Class Structure -
689,
690,
691,
692,
693,
694,
695,
696,
697,
698,
699,
700,
701,
702,
703,
704,
705
1. The Negro Class Order in the American Caste System -
689,
690,
691,
692,
693
2. Caste Determines Class -
693,
694,
695
3. Color and Class -
695,
696,
697,
698,
699,
700
4. The Classes in the Negro Community -
700,
701,
702,
703,
704,
705
IX. Leadership and Concerted Action -
707,
(blank),
709,
710,
711,
712,
713,
714,
715,
716,
717,
718,
719,
720,
721,
722,
723,
724,
725,
726,
727,
728,
729,
730,
731,
732,
733,
734,
735,
736,
737,
738,
739,
740,
741,
742,
743,
744,
745,
746,
747,
748,
749,
750,
751,
752,
753,
754,
755,
756,
757,
758,
759,
760,
761,
762,
763,
764,
765,
766,
767,
768,
769,
770,
771,
772,
773,
774,
775,
776,
777,
778,
779,
780,
781,
782,
783,
784,
785,
786,
787,
788,
789,
790,
791,
792,
793,
794,
795,
796,
797,
798,
799,
800,
801,
802,
803,
804,
805,
806,
807,
808,
809,
810,
811,
812,
813,
814,
815,
816,
817,
818,
819,
820,
821,
822,
823,
824,
825,
826,
827,
828,
829,
830,
831,
832,
833,
834,
835,
836,
837,
838,
839,
840,
841,
842,
843,
844,
845,
846,
847,
848,
849,
850,
851,
852,
853,
854,
855,
856,
857,
858,
859,
860,
861,
862,
863,
864,
865,
866,
867,
868,
869,
870,
871,
872,
873,
874,
875,
876,
877,
878,
879,
880,
881,
882,
883,
884,
885,
886,
887,
888,
889,
890,
891,
892,
893,
894,
895,
896,
897,
898,
899,
900,
901,
902,
903,
904,
905,
906,
907,
908,
909,
910,
911,
912,
913,
914,
915,
916,
917,
918,
919,
920,
921,
922,
923,
924
33. The American Pattern of Individual Leadership and Mass Passivity -
709,
710,
711,
712,
713,
714,
715,
716,
717,
718,
719
1. “Intelligent Leadership” -
709,
710,
711
2. “Community Leaders” -
711,
712
3. Mass Passivity -
712,
713,
714,
715,
716
4. The Patterns Exemplified in Politics and throughout the American Social Structure -
716,
717,
718,
719
34. Accommodating Leadership -
720,
721,
722,
723,
724,
725,
726,
727,
728,
729,
730,
731,
732,
733,
734,
735
1. Leadership and Caste -
720
2. The Interest of Southern Whites and Negroes with Respect to Negro Leadership -
720,
721,
722
3. In the North and on the National Scene -
722,
723,
724
4. The “Glass Plate” -
724,
725,
726,
727
5. Accommodating Leadership and Class -
727,
728,
729
6. Several Qualifications -
729,
730,
731,
732,
733
7. Accommodating Leaders in the North -
733
8. The Glamour Personalities -
734,
735
35. The Negro Protest -
736,
737,
738,
739,
740,
741,
742,
743,
744,
745,
746,
747,
748,
749,
750,
751,
752,
753,
754,
755,
756
1. The Slave Revolts -
736,
737
2. The Negro Abolitionists and Reconstruction Politicians -
737,
738,
739
3. The Tuskegee Compromise -
739,
740,
741,
742
4. The Spirit of Niagara and Harper’s Ferry -
742,
743,
744
5. The Protest Is Still Rising -
744,
745
6. The Shock of the First World War and the Post-War Crisis -
745
7. The Garvey Movement -
746,
747,
748,
749
8. Post-War Radicalism among Negro Intellectuals -
749,
750
9. Negro History and Culture -
750,
751,
752,
753,
754
10. The Great Depression and the Second World War -
754,
755,
756
36. The Protest Motive and Negro Personality -
757,
758,
759,
760,
761,
762,
763,
764,
765,
766,
767
1. A Mental Reservation -
757,
758
2. The Struggle Against Defeatism -
758,
759
3. The Struggle for Balance -
759,
760
4. Negro Sensitiveness -
761,
762,
763
5. Negro Aggression -
763,
764
6. Upper Class Reactions -
764,
765,
766
7. The “Function” of Racial Solidarity -
766,
767
37. Compromise Leadership -
768,
769,
770,
771,
772,
773,
774,
775,
776,
777,
778,
779,
780
1. The Daily Compromise -
768
2. The Vulnerability of the Negro Leader -
769
3. Impersonal Motives -
769,
770,
771
4. The Protest Motive -
771,
772
5. The Double Role -
772,
773
6. Negro Leadership Techniques -
773,
774
7. Moral Consequences -
774,
775
8. Leadership Rivalry -
775
9. Qualifications -
775,
776
10. In Southern Cities -
776,
777
11. In the North -
777,
778,
779
12. On the National Scene -
779,
780
38. Negro Popular Theories -
781,
782,
783,
784,
785,
786,
787,
788,
789,
790,
791,
792,
793,
794,
795,
796,
797,
798,
799,
800,
801,
802,
803,
804,
805,
806,
807,
808,
809
1. Instability -
781,
782,
783
2. Negro Provincialism -
783,
784,
785
3. The Thinking on the Negro Problem -
786
4. Courting the “Best People Among the Whites” -
786,
787,
788
5. The Doctrine of Labor Solidarity -
788,
789,
790
6. Some Critical Observations -
790,
791,
792
7. The Pragmatic “Truth” of the Labor Solidarity Doctrine -
792,
793,
794
8. “The Advantages of the Disadvantages” -
794,
795,
796,
797
9. Condoning Segregation -
797,
798,
799,
800
10. Boosting Negro Business -
800,
801,
802,
803
11. Criticism of Negro Business Chauvinism -
803,
804,
805
12. “Back to Africa” -
805,
806,
807
13. Miscellaneous Ideologies -
807,
808,
809
39. Negro Improvement and Protest Organizations -
810,
811,
812,
813,
814,
815,
816,
817,
818,
819,
820,
821,
822,
823,
824,
825,
826,
827,
828,
829,
830,
831,
832,
833,
834,
835,
836,
837,
838,
839,
840,
841,
842,
843,
844,
845,
846,
847,
848,
849,
850,
851,
852,
853,
854,
855,
856,
857
1. A General American Pattern -
810,
811,
812
2. Nationalist Movements -
812,
813,
814,
815
3. Business and Professional Organizations -
815,
816,
817
4. The National Negro Congress Movement -
817,
818,
819
5. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -
819,
820,
821,
822
6. The N.A.A.C.P. Branches -
822,
823,
824,
825,
826
7. The N.A.A.C.P. National Office -
826,
827,
828,
829,
830
8. The Strategy of the N.A.A.C.P. -
830,
831
9. Critique of the N.A.A.C.P. -
831,
832,
833,
834,
835,
836
10. The Urban League -
837,
838,
839,
840,
841,
842
11. The Commission on Interracial Cooperation -
842,
843,
844,
845,
846,
847,
848,
849,
850
12. The Negro Organizations during the War -
850,
851,
852
13. Negro Strategy -
852,
853,
854,
855,
856,
857
40. The Negro Church -
858,
859,
860,
861,
862,
863,
864,
865,
866,
867,
868,
869,
870,
871,
872,
873,
874,
875,
876,
877,
878
1. Non-Political Agencies for Negro Concerted Action -
858,
859
2. Some Historical Notes -
859,
860,
861,
862,
863
3. The Negro Church and the General American Pattern of Religious Activity -
863,
864,
865,
866,
867,
868
4. A Segregated Church -
868,
869,
870,
871,
872
5. Its Weakness -
872,
873,
874,
875,
876
6. Trends and Outlook -
876,
877,
878
41. The Negro School -
879,
880,
881,
882,
883,
884,
885,
886,
887,
888,
889,
890,
891,
892,
893,
894,
895,
896,
897,
898,
899,
900,
901,
902,
903,
904,
905,
906,
907
1. Negro Education as Concerted Action -
879,
880,
881,
882
2. Education in American Thought and Life -
882,
883,
884,
885,
886
3. The Development of Negro Education in the South -
887,
888,
889,
890,
891,
892,
893
4. The Whites’ Attitudes toward Negro Education -
893,
894,
895,
896
5. “Industrial” versus “Classical” Education of Negroes -
896,
897,
898,
899,
900
6. Negro Attitudes -
900,
901,
902
7. Trends and Problems -
902,
903,
904,
905,
906,
907
42. The Negro Press -
908,
909,
910,
911,
912,
913,
914,
915,
916,
917,
918,
919,
920,
921,
922,
923,
924
1. An Organ for the Negro Protest -
908,
909,
910,
911,
912
2. The Growth of the Negro Press -
912,
913,
914,
915
3. Characteristics of the Negro Press -
915,
916,
917,
918,
919,
920
4. The Controls of the Negro Press -
920,
921,
922,
923
5. Outlook -
923,
924
X. The Negro Community -
925,
(blank),
927,
928,
929,
930,
931,
932,
933,
934,
935,
936,
937,
938,
939,
940,
941,
942,
943,
944,
945,
946,
947,
948,
949,
950,
951,
952,
953,
954,
955,
956,
957,
958,
959,
960,
961,
962,
963,
964,
965,
966,
967,
968,
969,
970,
971,
972,
973,
974,
975,
976,
977,
978,
979,
980,
981,
982,
983,
984,
985,
986,
987,
988,
989,
990,
991,
992,
993,
994
43. Institutions -
927,
928,
929,
930,
931,
932,
933,
934,
935,
936,
937,
938,
939,
940,
941,
942,
943,
944,
945,
946,
947,
948,
949,
950,
951,
952,
953,
954,
955
1. The Negro Community as a Pathological Form of an American Community -
927,
928,
929,
930
2. The Negro Family -
930,
931,
932,
933,
934,
935
3. The Negro Church in the Negro Community -
935,
936,
937,
938,
939,
940,
941,
942
4. The Negro School and Negro Education -
942,
943,
944,
945,
946,
947,
948,
949,
950,
951,
952
5. Voluntary Associations -
952,
953,
954,
955
44. Non-Institutional Aspects of the Negro Community -
956,
957,
958,
959,
960,
961,
962,
963,
964,
965,
966,
967,
968,
969,
970,
971,
972,
973,
974,
975,
976,
977,
978,
979,
980,
981,
982,
983,
984,
985,
986,
987,
988,
989,
990,
991,
992,
993,
994
1. “Peculiarities” of Negro Culture and Personality -
956,
957,
958,
959,
960,
961,
962,
963,
964,
965,
966
2. Crime -
966,
967,
968,
969,
970,
971,
972,
973,
974,
975,
976,
977,
978,
979
3. Mental Disorders and Suicide -
979,
980,
981,
982
4. Recreation -
982,
983,
984,
985,
986
5. Negro Achievements -
986,
987,
988,
989,
990,
991,
992,
993,
994
XI. An American Dilemma -
995,
(blank),
997,
998,
999,
1000,
1001,
1002,
1003,
1004,
1005,
1006,
1007,
1008,
1009,
1010,
1011,
1012,
1013,
1014,
1015,
1016,
1017,
1018,
1019,
1020,
1021,
1022,
1023,
1024
45. America Again at the Crossroads in the Negro Problem -
997,
998,
999,
1000,
1001,
1002,
1003,
1004,
1005,
1006,
1007,
1008,
1009,
1010,
1011,
1012,
1013,
1014,
1015,
1016,
1017,
1018,
1019,
1020,
1021,
1022,
1023,
1024
1. The Negro Problem and the War -
997,
998
2. Social Trends -
998,
999,
1000,
1001,
1002
3. The Decay of the Caste Theory -
1002,
1003,
1004
4. Negroes in the War Crisis -
1004,
1005,
1006,
1007,
1008
5. The War and the Whites -
1008,
1009,
1010
6. The North Moves Toward Equality -
1010,
1011
7. Tension in the South -
1011,
1012,
1013,
1014,
1015
8. International Aspects -
1015,
1016,
1017,
1018
9. Making the Peace -
1018,
1019,
1020,
1021
10. America’s Opportunity -
1021,
1022,
1023,
1024
Appendices -
1025,
(blank),
1027,
1028,
1029,
1030,
1031,
1032,
1033,
1034,
1035,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1039,
1040,
1041,
1042,
1043,
1044,
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1051,
1052,
1053,
1054,
1055,
1056,
1057,
1058,
1059,
1060,
1061,
1062,
1063,
1064,
1065,
1066,
1067,
1068,
1069,
1070,
1071,
1072,
1073,
1074,
1075,
1076,
1077,
1078,
1079,
1080,
1081,
1082,
1083,
1084,
1085,
1086,
1087,
1088,
1089,
1090,
1091,
1092,
1093,
1094,
1095,
1096,
1097,
1098,
1099,
1100,
1101,
1102,
1103,
1104,
1105,
1106,
1107,
1108,
1109,
1110,
1111,
1112,
1113,
1114,
1115,
1116,
1117,
1118,
1119,
1120,
1121,
1122,
1123,
1124,
1125,
1126,
1127,
1128,
1129,
1130,
1131,
1132,
1133,
1134,
1135,
1136,
1137,
1138,
1139,
1140,
1141,
1142,
1143
1. A Methodological Note on Valuations and Beliefs -
1027,
1028,
1029,
1030,
1031,
1032,
1033,
1034
1. The Mechanism of Rationalization -
1027,
1028,
1029,
1030,
1031
2. Theoretical Critique of the Concept “Mores” -
1031,
1032
3. Valuation Dynamics -
1032,
1033,
1034
2. A Methodological Note on Facts and Valuations in Social Science -
1035,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1039,
1040,
1041,
1042,
1043,
1044,
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1051,
1052,
1053,
1054,
1055,
1056,
1057,
1058,
1059,
1060,
1061,
1062,
1063,
1064
1. Biases in the Research on the American Negro Problem -
1035,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1039,
1040,
1041
2. Methods of Mitigating Biases in Social Science -
1041,
1042,
1043,
1044,
1045
3. The History and Logic of the Hidden Valuations in Social Science -
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1051,
1052,
1053,
1054,
1055,
1056,
1057
4. The Points of View Adopted in This Book -
1057,
1058,
1059,
1060,
1061,
1062,
1063,
1064
3. A Methodological Note on the Principle of Cumulation -
1065,
1066,
1067,
1068,
1069,
1070
4. Note on the Meaning of Regional Terms as Used in This Book -
1071,
1072
5. A Parallel to the Negro Problem -
1073,
1074,
1075,
1076,
1077,
1078
6. Pre-War Conditions of the Negro Wage Earner in Selected Industries and Occupations -
1079,
1080,
1081,
1082,
1083,
1084,
1085,
1086,
1087,
1088,
1089,
1090,
1091,
1092,
1093,
1094,
1095,
1096,
1097,
1098,
1099,
1100,
1101,
1102,
1103,
1104,
1105,
1106,
1107,
1108,
1109,
1110,
1111,
1112,
1113,
1114,
1115,
1116,
1117,
1118,
1119,
1120,
1121,
1122,
1123,
1124
1. General Characteristics of Negro Jobs -
1079,
1080,
1081,
1082
2. Domestic Service -
1082,
1083,
1084,
1085,
1086,
1087
3. Other Service Occupations -
1087,
1088,
1089
4. Turpentine Farms -
1089,
1090
5. Lumber -
1090,
1091,
1092,
1093,
1094,
1095,
1096
6. The Fertilizer Industry -
1096,
1097
7. Longshore Work -
1097,
1098,
1099
8. Building Workers -
1099,
1100,
1101,
1102,
1103,
1104,
1105
9. Railroad Workers -
1105,
1106,
1107
10. Tobacco Workers -
1107,
1108,
1109,
1110
11. Textile Workers -
1110,
1111,
1112
12. Coal Miners -
1112,
1113,
1114,
1115
13. Iron and Steel Workers -
1115,
1116,
1117,
1118,
1119
14. Automobile Workers -
1119,
1120,
1121,
1122
15. The Slaughtering and Meat-Packing Industry -
1122,
1123,
1124
7. Distribution of Negro Residences in Selected Cities -
1125,
1126,
1127,
1128
8. Research on Caste and Class in a Negro Community -
1129,
1130,
1131,
1132
9. Research on Negro Leadership -
1133,
1134,
1135
10. Quantitative Studies of Race Attitudes -
1136,
1137,
1138,
1139,
1140,
1141,
1142,
1143
1. Existing Studies of Race Attitudes -
1136,
1137
2. The Empirical Study of Valuations and Beliefs -
1137,
1138,
1139
3. “Personal” and “Political” Opinions -
1139,
1140,
1141
4. The Practical Study of Race Prejudice -
1141,
1142,
1143
List of Books, Pamphlets, Periodicals, and Other Material Referred to in This Book -
1144,
1145,
1146,
1147,
1148,
1149,
1150,
1151,
1152,
1153,
1154,
1155,
1156,
1157,
1158,
1159,
1160,
1161,
1162,
1163,
1164,
1165,
1166,
1167,
1168,
1169,
1170,
1171,
1172,
1173,
1174,
1175,
1176,
1177,
1178,
1179,
1180
Abbott ... -
1144
Ayer ... -
1145
Berle ... -
1146
Brinton ... -
1147
Cantor ... -
1148
Collins ... -
1149
Davenport ... -
1150
Donaldson ... -
1151
Du Bois ... -
1152
Fitzhugh ... -
1153
Gallup ... -
1154
Greene ... -
1155
Herskovits ... -
1156
Hurston ... -
1157
Johnson ... -
1158
Kenney ... -
1159
Litchfield ... -
1160
Mangum ... -
1161
Montague ... -
1162
National ... -
1163
Notestein ... -
1164
Payne ... -
1165
Powdermaker ... -
1166
Richards ... -
1167
Schuyler ... -
1168
Social ... -
1169
Tannenbaum ... -
1170
Tolnai ... -
1171
U.S. Bureau of the Census ... -
1172
U.S. Department of Agriculture... -
1173
U.S. Department of Labor ... -
1174
U.S. Housing Authority ... -
1175
U.S. Public Health Service ... -
1176
U.S. Work Projects Administration ... -
1177
Washington ... -
1178
Willcox ... -
1179
Woofter ... -
1180
Footnotes -
1181,
1182,
1183,
1184,
1185,
1186,
1187,
1188,
1189,
1190,
1191,
1192,
1193,
1194,
1195,
1196,
1197,
1198,
1199,
1200,
1201,
1202,
1203,
1204,
1205,
1206,
1207,
1208,
1209,
1210,
1211,
1212,
1213,
1214,
1215,
1216,
1217,
1218,
1219,
1220,
1221,
1222,
1223,
1224,
1225,
1226,
1227,
1228,
1229,
1230,
1231,
1232,
1233,
1234,
1235,
1236,
1237,
1238,
1239,
1240,
1241,
1242,
1243,
1244,
1245,
1246,
1247,
1248,
1249,
1250,
1251,
1252,
1253,
1254,
1255,
1256,
1257,
1258,
1259,
1260,
1261,
1262,
1263,
1264,
1265,
1266,
1267,
1268,
1269,
1270,
1271,
1272,
1273,
1274,
1275,
1276,
1277,
1278,
1279,
1280,
1281,
1282,
1283,
1284,
1285,
1286,
1287,
1288,
1289,
1290,
1291,
1292,
1293,
1294,
1295,
1296,
1297,
1298,
1299,
1300,
1301,
1302,
1303,
1304,
1305,
1306,
1307,
1308,
1309,
1310,
1311,
1312,
1313,
1314,
1315,
1316,
1317,
1318,
1319,
1320,
1321,
1322,
1323,
1324,
1325,
1326,
1327,
1328,
1329,
1330,
1331,
1332,
1333,
1334,
1335,
1336,
1337,
1338,
1339,
1340,
1341,
1342,
1343,
1344,
1345,
1346,
1347,
1348,
1349,
1350,
1351,
1352,
1353,
1354,
1355,
1356,
1357,
1358,
1359,
1360,
1361,
1362,
1363,
1364,
1365,
1366,
1367,
1368,
1369,
1370,
1371,
1372,
1373,
1374,
1375,
1376,
1377,
1378,
1379,
1380,
1381,
1382,
1383,
1384,
1385,
1386,
1387,
1388,
1389,
1390,
1391,
1392,
1393,
1394,
1395,
1396,
1397,
1398,
1399,
1400,
1401,
1402,
1403,
1404,
1405,
1406,
1407,
1408,
1409,
1410,
1411,
1412,
1413,
1414,
1415,
1416,
1417,
1418,
1419,
1420,
1421,
1422,
1423,
1424,
1425,
1426,
1427,
1428,
1429,
1430,
1431,
1432,
1433,
1434,
1435,
1436,
1437,
1438,
1439
Introduction -
1181
Chapter 1 -
1181,
1182,
1183
Chapter 2 -
1183,
1184,
1185
Chapter 3 -
1185,
1186,
1187
Chapter 4 -
1187,
1188,
1189,
1190,
1191,
1192,
1193,
1194,
1195,
1196,
1197,
1198
Chapter 5 -
1198,
1199,
1200,
1201,
1202,
1203,
1204,
1205,
1206,
1207,
1208,
1209,
1210,
1211,
1212
Chapter 6 -
1212,
1213,
1214,
1215,
1216,
1217,
1218
Chapter 7 -
1218,
1219,
1220,
1221,
1222,
1223,
1224,
1225,
1226,
1227,
1228,
1229
Chapter 8 -
1229,
1230,
1231,
1232
Chapter 9 -
1232,
1233
Chapter 10 -
1233,
1234,
1235,
1236,
1237
Chapter 11 -
1237,
1238,
1239,
1240,
1241,
1242,
1243
Chapter 12 -
1243,
1244,
1245,
1246,
1247,
1248,
1249,
1250,
1251,
1252,
1253,
1254
Chapter 13 -
1254,
1255,
1256,
1257,
1258,
1259
Chapter 14 -
1259,
1260,
1261,
1262,
1263,
1264,
1265,
1266,
1267,
1268,
1269
Chapter 15 -
1269,
1270,
1271,
1272,
1273,
1274,
1275,
1276,
1277,
1278,
1279,
1280,
1281,
1282,
1283
Chapter 16 -
1283,
1284,
1285,
1286,
1287,
1288,
1289,
1290,
1291,
1292
Chapter 17 -
1292,
1293,
1294,
1295
Chapter 18 -
1295,
1296,
1297,
1298,
1299,
1300
Chapter 19 -
1301,
1302,
1303,
1304,
1305,
1306,
1307,
1308,
1309
Chapter 20 -
1309,
1310,
1311,
1312,
1313,
1314,
1315,
1316,
1317
Chapter 21 -
1317,
1318,
1319,
1320,
1321
Chapter 22 -
1322,
1323,
1324,
1325,
1326,
1327,
1328,
1329,
1330,
1331
Chapter 23 -
1331,
1332,
1333,
1334,
1335
Chapter 24 -
1335,
1336,
1337,
1338,
1339
Chapter 25 -
1339,
1340,
1341,
1342,
1343
Chapter 26 -
1343,
1344,
1345,
1346
Chapter 27 -
1346,
1347,
1348,
1349,
1350,
1351
Chapter 28 -
1351,
1352,
1353,
1354,
1355,
1356,
1357,
1358,
1359
Chapter 29 -
1359,
1360,
1361,
1362,
1363,
1364,
1365,
1366,
1367,
1368,
1369
Chapter 30 -
1369,
1370,
1371,
1372,
1373,
1374
Chapter 31 -
1374,
1375,
1376,
1377,
1378,
1379,
1380
Chapter 32 -
1380,
1381,
1382,
1383,
1384,
1385,
1386,
1387,
1388
Chapter 33 -
1388,
1389
Chapter 34 -
1389,
1390,
1391
Chapter 35 -
1391,
1392,
1393,
1394
Chapter 36 -
1394,
1395,
1396
Chapter 37 -
1396,
1397
Chapter 38 -
1397,
1398,
1399,
1400
Chapter 39 -
1400,
1401,
1402,
1403,
1404,
1405,
1406,
1407,
1408,
1409,
1410
Chapter 40 -
1411,
1412,
1413,
1414
Chapter 41 -
1414,
1415,
1416,
1417,
1418,
1419,
1420,
1421,
1422
Chapter 42 -
1423,
1424,
1425
Chapter 43 -
1425,
1426,
1427,
1428,
1429,
1430,
1431
Chapter 44 -
1431,
1432,
1433,
1434,
1435,
1436,
1437
Chapter 45 -
1438,
1439
Index -
1441,
1442,
1443,
1444,
1445,
1446,
1447,
1448,
1449,
1450,
1451,
1452,
1453,
1454,
1455,
1456,
1457,
1458,
1459,
1460,
1461,
1462,
1463,
1464,
1465,
1466,
1467,
1468,
1469,
1470,
1471,
1472,
1473,
1474,
1475,
1476,
1477,
1478,
1479,
1480,
1481,
1482,
1483
Abbott ... -
1441
Alabama ... -
1442
Arizona ... -
1443
Behavior ... -
1444
Brown ... -
1445
Cash ... -
1446
City ... -
1447
Community ... -
1448
Crime ... -
1449
Democratic ... -
1450
Disease ... -
1451
Dueling ... -
1452
Emigration ... -
1453
Federal ... -
1454
Funderal ... -
1455
Hampton ... -
1456
Human ... -
1457
Infiltration ... -
1458
Jenkins ... -
1459
Jolson ... -
1460
Law ... -
1461
Lily-white ... -
1462
Marginal ... -
1463
Ministers ... -
1464
Murray ... -
1465
New ... -
1466
North ... -
1467
Park ... -
1468
Politics ... -
1469
Profits ... -
1470
Race ... -
1471
Ray ... -
1472
Revolutions ... -
1473
Seamstresses ... -
1474
Slave ... -
1475
Sons ... -
1476
Sterility ... -
1477
Tarkington ... -
1478
Training ... -
1479
Urbanization ... -
1480
Waltershausen ... -
1481
White ... -
1482
Young ... -
1483
Project Runeberg, Tue Apr 14 04:34:19 2020
(aronsson)
(diff)
(history)
(download)
Next >>
https://runeberg.org/adilemma/
